All About Viruses

A virus is defined as any of a various number of submicroscopic parasites that can infect any animal, plant or bacteria and often lead to very serious or even deadly diseases. A virus consists of a core of RNA or DNA, generally surrounded by a protein, lipid or glycoprotein coat, or some combination of the three. No virus can replicate without the help of a host cell, and though they can be spread, viruses lack the ability of self-reproduction and are not always considered to be living organisms in the regular sense.

Some of the most common or best known viruses include the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which is the virus that causes AIDS, the herpes simplex virus, which causes cold sores, smallpox, multiple sclerosis, and the human papilloma virus, now believed to be a leading cause of cervical cancer in adult women. The common human cold is also caused by a virus.

Since a great deal of mystery still surrounds the origins of most modern viruses, ways to cure these viruses and the diseases they cause are still in the very early stages of development.

Find out more about viruses today. Begin by browsing the information below including the latest on common types of human viruses, deadly human viruses, new human viruses, news of virus vaccinations, as well as number of other facts and details about viruses and the human body.

Taxonomic Rank

1. Kingdom
In biology, Kingdom (Latin : regnum ; pl : regna ) is a taxonomic rank which is either the highest rank or in the more recent three-domain system. the rank below domain.
2. Phylum ( For Animal )
In biology, a phylum ( plural : phyla ) is a taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class. "Phylum" is equivalent to the botanical term division. Phylum is one of the major biological divisions called taxa.
3. Classis
In biology, a classis is a taxonomic rank below phylum and above ordo.
4. Ordo
Ordo, in Indonesia is called "Bangsa". ( Latin : Ordo ; plural : ordines ). Ordo is a taxonomic rank between classis and familia.
5. Familia
In science classification, familia is a taxonomic rank between ordo and genus. Familia in Indonesia mean suku, famili or keluarga. the term is first introduced by Pierre Magnol, in his book "Prodromus Historiae GeneralisPlantarum, in Quo Familiae" on 1689. Carolus Linnaeus used familia term in his book "Philosophia Botanica" on 1751 to indicate the most excellent plant group.
6. Genus
In biology, Genus ( Plural : Genera ) is a taxonomic rank between Familia and species. Genus in Indonesia mean Marga. The members of Genus have a similarity in morphology and close relatives.
7. Species
In biology, species is a taxonomic rank which is either the lowest rank. Species is used to indicate a group or some groups which have a similarity and can be fertilize aech other, but it just in the same group.

All About Molecule

What is a Molecule?

Molecules are small particles that make up all living and non-living things. They are made up of even tinier particles called atoms. Molecules in living things are made from only about 25 of more than 100 known atoms in the universe. Molecules are made from as few as two atoms to hundreds of millions of atoms.

Molecules are so small that there are more molecules in your body than there are stars in the universe!

What's so special about molecules in your body and in other living things? Each molecule has a unique shape that allows it to interact with other molecules. The interactions between molecules let us as well as bacteria, elephants, broccoli and other living things move, sense, reproduce and do the things that keep all living creatures alive.

Show Me The Molecules!
Here are just a few samples of molecules :

Acetaminophen
Sold as TylenolTM, this has a similar shape to another pain-killer, aspirin. They both act in a similar way to reduce pain and fever. It is comprised of:
C8H9O2N
8 black carbon atoms
9 white hydrogen atoms
2 red oxygen atoms
1 blue nitrogen atom

Aspirin
Chemists learned to make aspirin by studying a similar pain-killing molecule discovered in willow trees.
C9H8O4
9 black carbon atoms
8 white hydrogen atoms
4 red oxygen atoms

Aspartame
Sold as Nutrasweet,TM aspartame is an artificial sweetener used in sodas. It tastes a hundred times sweeter than sucrose and contains no calories.
C14H18O5N2
14 black carbon atoms
18 white hydrogen atoms
5 red oxygen atoms
2 blue nitrogen atoms

Carbon Dioxide
Less than 1% of the air is carbon dioxide, but it is essential for life. Plants use carbon dioxide to build energy-rich molecules.
CO2
1 black carbon atom
2 red oxygen atoms

Nicotine
Nicotine is in cigarette tobacco. It interacts with receptors in our brain and activates nerve cells. It is addictive and a poison.
C10H14N2
10 black carbon atoms
14 white hydrogen atoms
2 blue nitrogen atoms

Serotonin
Serotonin is one of many molecules our brain cells use to pass information to each other. It regulates our moods and sleep patterns.
C10H12ON2
10 black carbon atoms
12 white hydrogen atoms
1 red oxygen atom
2 blue nitrogen atoms

Silk
Spiders and silkmoths make silk for their webs and cocoons. Silk threads are stored in a silk gland, and dry and harden as they are spun.
C10H18O5N4
10 black carbon atoms
18 white hydrogen atoms
5 red oxygen atoms
4 blue nitrogen atoms

Trimethylamine
Trimethylamine makes some things stink. Rotten fish, and sometimes dogs, smell bad because of this molecule.
C3H9N
3 black carbon atoms
9 white hydrogen atoms
1 blue nitrogen atom

Continents and Oceans

In the world, there are 6 continents. They are Asia, Africa, America, Europe, Australia, and Antartica.
In the world, there are also 4 oceans. They are Pacific, Atlantic, Indies, And Arctic.

EUROPE

Europe is located at the west side of Asia. Ural Mountain is the border between Europe and Asia. In geology, Europe and Asia is called Eurasia. In geography, actually Europe isn't a continent. Europe considered as continent because it has a great role in the world. the area of Europe is about 10.300.000 kms square.
the border of Europe is :
North : Arctic Ocean
East : Ural Mountain & Black sea
South : Africa
West : Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Pacific Ocean is the widest ocean in the world. The area of Pacific Ocean is about 165.000.000 kms square.
It's located among Asia, Australia, and America.
In the pacific ocean, there are many kinds of volcanoes. so, earthquake often happen there.
in pacific ocean, exactly in Bering Sea ( North Pacific ), there are Kurosyiwo and Oyasyiwo currents which cause warm current. ( Kutosyiwo is hot current, and Oyasyiwo is cold current ).

Atlantic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean is the second widest ocean in the world.
the area of Atlantic Ocean is about 82.400.000 kms square. Atlantic Ocean is located among Europe, Africa, and America. So, Atlantic Ocean is the trafficlane between old world and new world.
Atlantic Ocean is located at the west longitudinal. In the Atlantic Ocean, there are natural phenomenons called El Nina and La Nino.
In the Atlantic, exactly in the east sea of America, there is a Bermuda Triangle. It's very famous because of its great gravitation.

Indies Ocean

Indies Ocean is the third widest ocean in the world. the area of Indies Ocean is about 73.400.000 kms square.
Indies Ocean is located at the east longitudinal. Indies Ocean is used as the traffic because storm rarely happen.

Arctic Ocean

Arctic Ocean is the narrowest ocean in the world. the area of Arctic ocean is about 14.100.000 kms square.
the inventor of Arctic Ocean is Robert Edwin Peary. He invented Arctic Ocean in 1909.
in the Arctic Ocean, there are Eskimo people who live in Iglos.
Arctic Ocean is located at the North Pole. Arctic Ocean is the coldest ocean in the world. Arctic ocean consists of ice sea which is always frozen every time.